Methods, apparatus, and systems for affine chroma subblock motion vector derivation and motion compensation

ABSTRACT

A method, computer program, and computer system is provided for decoding video data. The method may include receiving video data coded with an affine inter prediction, the video data including chroma subblocks and luma subblocks; aligning an affine luma subblock with corresponding one or more affine chroma subblocks, wherein the aligning is based on a position of the affine luma subblock and a color format of the affine luma subblock; and decoding the video data based on the aligned affine luma subblock and the one or more affine chroma subblocks

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/063,057, filed on Oct. 5, 2020, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/933,843 (filed Nov. 11, 2019); 62/953,031 (filed Dec. 23, 2019); and 62/957,685 (filed Jan. 6, 2020), in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to field of data processing, and more particularly to video encoding and decoding.

BACKGROUND

ITU-T VCEG (Q6/16) and ISO/IEC MPEG (JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11) published the H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) standard in 2013 (version 1) 2014 (version 2) 2015 (version 3) and 2016 (version 4). Since then they have been studying the potential need for standardization of future video coding technology which could significantly outperform HEVC in compression capability. In October 2017, they issued the Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression with Capability beyond HEVC (CfP). By Feb. 15, 2018, total 22 CfP responses on standard dynamic range (SDR), 12 CfP responses on high dynamic range (HDR), and 12 CfP responses on 360 video categories were submitted, respectively. In April 2018, all received CfP responses were evaluated in the 122 MPEG/10^(th) JVET (Joint Video Exploration Team-Joint Video Expert Team) meeting. With careful evaluation, JVET formally launched the standardization of next-generation video coding beyond HEVC, i.e., the so-called Versatile Video Coding (VVC).

SUMMARY

Embodiments relate to a method, system, and computer readable medium for decoding video data. According to one aspect, a method for decoding video data is provided. The method may include receiving video data coded with an affine inter prediction, the video data including chroma subblocks and luma subblocks; aligning an affine luma subblock with corresponding one or more affine chroma subblocks, wherein the aligning is based on a position of the affine luma subblock and a color format of the affine luma subblock; and decoding the video data based on the aligned affine luma subblock and the one or more affine chroma subblocks.

According to another aspect, an apparatus for decoding video data may be provided. The apparatus may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media configured to store program code; and one or more processors configured to access the program code and operate as instructed by the program code. The program code may include receiving code configured to cause the one or more processors to receive video data coded with an affine inter prediction, the video data including chroma subblocks and luma subblocks; aligning code configured to cause the one or more processors to align an affine luma subblock with corresponding one or more affine chroma subblocks, wherein the aligning is based on a position of the affine luma subblock and a color format of the affine luma subblock; and decoding code configured to cause the one or more processors to decode the video data based on the aligned affine luma subblock and the one or more affine chroma subblocks.

According to yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program for decoding video data may be provided. The computer program may be configured to cause one or more computer processors to receive video data coded with an affine inter prediction, the video data including chroma subblocks and luma subblocks; align an affine luma subblock with corresponding one or more affine chroma subblocks, wherein the aligning is based on a position of the affine luma subblock and a color format of the affine luma subblock; and decode the video data based on the aligned affine luma subblock and the one or more affine chroma subblocks.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. The various features of the drawings are not to scale as the illustrations are for clarity in facilitating the understanding of one skilled in the art in conjunction with the detailed description. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a networked computer environment according to at least one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an exemplary reference picture resampling decoder, according to at least one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an operational flowchart illustrating the steps carried out by a program that decodes video data, according to at least one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of internal and external components of computers and servers depicted in FIG. 1 according to at least one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an illustrative cloud computing environment including the computer system depicted in FIG. 1, according to at least one embodiment; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of functional layers of the illustrative cloud computing environment of FIG. 5, according to at least one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Detailed embodiments of the claimed structures and methods are disclosed herein; however, it can be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the claimed structures and methods that may be embodied in various forms. Those structures and methods may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art. In the description, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments.

Embodiments relate generally to the field of data processing, and more particularly to video encoding and decoding. The following described exemplary embodiments provide a system, method and computer program to, among other things, decode video data. Therefore, some embodiments have the capacity to improve the field of computing by allowing for improved encoding and decoding of video data by a computer through changing a deblocking method associated with the video data.

As previously described, ITU-T VCEG (Q6/16) and ISO/IEC MPEG (JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11) published the H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) standard in 2013 (version 1) 2014 (version 2) 2015 (version 3) and 2016 (version 4). Since then they have been studying the potential need for standardization of future video coding technology which could significantly outperform HEVC in compression capability. In October 2017, they issued the Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression with Capability beyond HEVC (CfP). By Feb. 15, 2018, total 22 CfP responses on standard dynamic range (SDR), 12 CfP responses on high dynamic range (HDR), and 12 CfP responses on 360 video categories were submitted, respectively. In April 2018, all received CfP responses were evaluated in the 122 MPEG/10^(th) JVET (Joint Video Exploration Team-Joint Video Expert Team) meeting. With careful evaluation, JVET formally launched the standardization of next-generation video coding beyond HEVC, i.e., the so-called Versatile Video Coding (VVC). In VVC, a reference picture may be resampled by a decoder. However, when the reference picture scaling is used, the corresponding prediction with optical flow (PROF) for Affine is disabled. When disabling deblocking for affine internal subblock edges with PROF, the conditions of reference picture scaling may need to be checked. It may be advantageous, therefore, to change a deblocking method corresponding to edges of affine subblocks associated with received video data for improved encoding and decoding of the video data.

Aspects are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer readable media according to the various embodiments. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a functional block diagram of a networked computer environment illustrating a video decoding system 100 (hereinafter “system”) for decoding video data based on changing a deblocking method of the video data. It should be appreciated that FIG. 1 provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements.

The system 100 may include a computer 102 and a server computer 114. The computer 102 may communicate with the server computer 114 via a communication network 110 (hereinafter “network”). The computer 102 may include a processor 104 and a software program 108 that is stored on a data storage device 106 and is enabled to interface with a user and communicate with the server computer 114. As will be discussed below with reference to FIG. 4 the computer 102 may include internal components 800A and external components 900A, respectively, and the server computer 114 may include internal components 800B and external components 900B, respectively. The computer 102 may be, for example, a mobile device, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, a netbook, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or any type of computing devices capable of running a program, accessing a network, and accessing a database.

The server computer 114 may also operate in a cloud computing service model, such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Infrastructure as a Service (laaS), as discussed below with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6. The server computer 114 may also be located in a cloud computing deployment model, such as a private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud.

The server computer 114, which may be used for decoding video data is enabled to run a Video Coding Program 116 (hereinafter “program”) that may interact with a database 112. The Video Coding Program method is explained in more detail below with respect to FIG. 3. In one embodiment, the computer 102 may operate as an input device including a user interface while the program 116 may run primarily on server computer 114. In an alternative embodiment, the program 116 may run primarily on one or more computers 102 while the server computer 114 may be used for processing and storage of data used by the program 116. It should be noted that the program 116 may be a standalone program or may be integrated into a larger video encoding/decoding program.

It should be noted, however, that processing for the program 116 may, in some instances be shared amongst the computers 102 and the server computers 114 in any ratio. In another embodiment, the program 116 may operate on more than one computer, server computer, or some combination of computers and server computers, for example, a plurality of computers 102 communicating across the network 110 with a single server computer 114. In another embodiment, for example, the program 116 may operate on a plurality of server computers 114 communicating across the network 110 with a plurality of client computers. Alternatively, the program may operate on a network server communicating across the network with a server and a plurality of client computers.

The network 110 may include wired connections, wireless connections, fiber optic connections, or some combination thereof. In general, the network 110 can be any combination of connections and protocols that will support communications between the computer 102 and the server computer 114. The network 110 may include various types of networks, such as, for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, a telecommunication network such as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a wireless network, a public switched network, a satellite network, a cellular network (e.g., a fifth generation (5G) network, a long-term evolution (LTE) network, a third generation (3G) network, a code division multiple access (CDMA) network, etc.), a public land mobile network (PLMN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a private network, an ad hoc network, an intranet, a fiber optic-based network, or the like, and/or a combination of these or other types of networks.

The number and arrangement of devices and networks shown in FIG. 1 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional devices and/or networks, fewer devices and/or networks, different devices and/or networks, or differently arranged devices and/or networks than those shown in FIG. 1. Furthermore, two or more devices shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented within a single device, or a single device shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented as multiple, distributed devices. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) of system 100 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of devices of system 100.

Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary reference picture resampling decoder 200 according to one or more embodiments is depicted.

Affine motion model parameters may be used to derive the motion vector of each pixel in a coding unit (CU). However, due to the high complexity and memory access bandwidth for generating pixel-based affine motion compensated prediction, a CU may be divided into 4×4 sub-blocks, each of which is assigned with a motion vector (MV) derived from the affine CU's control point MVs. The sub-block based affine motion compensation is a trade-off between coding efficiency, complexity and memory access bandwidth. It loses some prediction accuracy due to sub-block based prediction, where all pixels in the sub-block share the same motion.

To achieve a finer granularity of motion compensation, the sub-block based affine motion may be refined with compensated prediction with optical flow (PROF). After the sub-block based affine motion compensation is performed, the luma prediction samples may be refined by adding a difference derived by the optical flow equation. Sub-block-based affine motion compensation may be performed to generate sub-block prediction I(i, j). Spatial gradients g_(x)(i,j) and g_(y)(i,j) of the sub-block prediction may be calculated at each sample location using a 3-tap filter [−1, 0, 1].

g_(x)(i, j) = I(i + 1, j) − I(i − 1, j) g_(y)(i, j) = I(i, j + 1) − I(i, j − 1)

The sub-block prediction may be extended by one pixel on each side for the gradient calculation. To reduce the memory bandwidth and complexity, the pixels on the extended borders may be copied from the nearest integer pixel position in the reference picture. Therefore, additional interpolation for padding region may be avoided. A luma prediction refinement may calculated by the optical flow equation:

ΔI(i,j)=g _(x)(i,j)*Δv _(x)(i,j)+g _(y)(i,j)*Δv _(y)(i,j)

where the Δv(i,j) may be the difference between pixel MV computed for sample location (i,j), denoted by v(i,j), and the sub-block MV of the sub-block to which pixel (i,j) belongs.

Since the affine model parameters and the pixel location relative to the sub-block center may not be changed from sub-block to sub-block, Δv(i,j) can be calculated for the first sub-block, and reused for other sub-blocks in the same CU. For example, x and y may be the horizontal and vertical offset from the pixel location to the center of the sub-block. Δv(x, y) can be derived by:

$\left\{ \begin{matrix} {{\Delta{v_{x}\left( {x,y} \right)}} = {{a*x} + {b*y}}} \\ {{\Delta v_{y}\left( {x,y} \right)} = {{c*x} + {d*y}}} \end{matrix} \right.$

For 4-parameter affine model,

$\left\{ \begin{matrix} {a = {d = \frac{v_{1x} - v_{0x}}{w}}} \\ {c = {{- b} = \frac{v_{1y} - v_{0y}}{w}}} \end{matrix} \right.$

For 6-parameter affine model,

$\left\{ \begin{matrix} {a = \frac{v_{1y} - v_{0y}}{w}} \\ {b = \frac{v_{2x} - v_{0y}}{h}} \\ {c = \frac{v_{1y} - v_{0y}}{w}} \\ {d = \frac{v_{2y} - v_{0y}}{h}} \end{matrix} \right.$

where (v_(0x), v_(0y)), (v_(1x), v_(1y)), (v_(2x), v_(2y)) may be the top-left, top-right and bottom-left control point motion vectors, w and h are the width and height of the CU. The luma prediction refinement is added to the sub-block prediction I(i, j). The final prediction I′ is generated as the following equation:

I′(i,j)=I(i,j)+ΔI(i,j)

When a coding block may be coded with affine inter prediction, the deblocking method may be conditionally changed along the edges of the affine subblocks (other than the edges on the boundary of coding block). This may be enabled by default or may be signaled by a high-level syntax, such as at slice level, picture level, tile level, tile group level, etc. This may also be signaled at the block level.

In one embodiment, when a condition is true, the deblocking filter may be disabled on the edges of all its subblocks, except for those edges on the boundary of the coding block. In one embodiment, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be enabled at a level higher than block level, such as in sequence level, picture level, slice level, etc. In another embodiment, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be applied on this affine coded CU. In another embodiment, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be applied on the affine prediction from all available reference pictures. For example, when the affine prediction is bi-prediction, the condition may be true when PROF is applied on both affine inter predictions with reference pictures from reference picture list LO and reference picture list Ll. Alternatively, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be applied on the affine prediction from any available reference pictures.

In one or more embodiments, when a condition may be true, the motion vector difference based deblocking boundary strength calculation may be skipped for internal sub-block edges (edges other than at the coding block boundaries). Deblocking strength derivations on transform block boundaries within the current CU may remain unchanged. In one example, when the condition may be true, if the internal affine subblock edge may not coincide with transform block boundary, the deblocking strength may be set to 0 for this affine internal subblock edge. In another example, when the condition may be true, if the internal affine subblock edge may coincide with a transform block boundary, the deblocking strength of this affine internal subblock edge may be derived using the deblocking strength derivation logics for transform block boundary. In one embodiment, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be enabled at a level higher than block level, such as in sequence level, picture level, slice level, etc. In another embodiment, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be applied on this affine coded CU. In another embodiment, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be applied on the affine prediction from all available reference pictures. For example, when the affine prediction may be bi-prediction, the condition may be true when PROF may be applied on both affine inter predictions with reference pictures from reference picture list LO and reference picture list Ll. Alternatively, the condition may be that Affine PROF may be applied on the affine prediction from any available reference pictures.

At the encoder, the input image data may be down-sampled to the selected picture size for the current picture encoding. After the first input picture is encoded as intra-picture, the decoded picture is stored in the decoded picture buffer (DPB). When the consequent picture is down-sampled with a different sampling ratio and encoded as inter-picture, the reference picture(s) in the DPB is/are up-/down-scaled according the spatial ratio between the picture size of the reference and the current picture size.

At the decoder, the decoded picture may be stored in the DPB without resampling. However, the reference picture in the DPB is up-/down-scaled in relation to the spatial ratio between the currently decoded picture and the reference, when used for motion compensation. The decoded picture is up-sampled to the original picture size or the desired output picture size when bumped out for display. In motion estimation/compensation process, motion vectors are scaled in relation to picture size ratio as well as picture order count difference.

In one or more embodiments, when PROF for affine may be signaled or inferred to be enabled at a level higher than block level, reference picture resampling (RPR) may be checked at the block level in order to further determine whether PROF is applied for the affine prediction with the corresponding reference picture. In one embodiment, when the reference picture scaling parameter on the horizontal direction or on the vertical direction may not be equal to the default value (corresponding to no scaling), the PROF for affine may be disabled for affine inter prediction with the corresponding reference picture. In one embodiment, if the current affine prediction may be a bi-prediction, and one of the reference pictures may have reference picture scaling parameter not equal to the default value on the horizontal direction or on the vertical direction, the PROF for affine may be disabled for both reference pictures. In another embodiment, if the current affine prediction may be a bi-prediction, and one of the reference pictures has reference picture scaling parameter not equal to the default value on the horizontal direction or on the vertical direction, the PROF for affine may be disabled for this reference picture. If the other reference pictures have reference picture scaling parameters equal to the default value on both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the PROF for affine may be enabled for the other reference picture.

Affine inter prediction and RPR may be made mutually exclusive. In one embodiment, when the reference picture used for inter prediction of current block may use scaling (i.e., the reference picture scaling parameter may not be equal to the default value on the horizontal direction or on the vertical direction), then the affine inter prediction may be disabled for current block. Affine mode may not be allowed for reference with scaling factor not equal to one. In another embodiment, if affine inter prediction may be enabled by a high-level flag, the RPR may be disabled at the same level. For example, affine inter prediction may be enabled at sequence level, then the RPR may be disabled for the sequence. In another embodiment, if the RPR tool may be enabled at a level higher than block level, such as sequence level, picture level, slice level, tile level, etc., the affine inter prediction may be disabled at the same level.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an operational flowchart illustrating the steps of a method 300 for decoding video data is depicted. In some implementations, one or more process blocks of FIG. 3 may be performed by the computer 102 (FIG. 1) and the server computer 114 (FIG. 1). In some implementations, one or more process blocks of FIG. 3 may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the computer 102 and the server computer 114.

At 302, the method 300 includes receiving video data coded with affine inter prediction.

At 304, the method 300 includes changing a deblocking method corresponding to edges of affine subblocks associated with the received video data.

At 306, the method 300 includes decoding the video data based on the changed deblocking method.

It may be appreciated that FIG. 3 provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to how different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram 400 of internal and external components of computers depicted in FIG. 1 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. It should be appreciated that FIG. 4 provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements.

Computer 102 (FIG. 1) and server computer 114 (FIG. 1) may include respective sets of internal components 800A,B and external components 900A,B illustrated in FIG. 4. Each of the sets of internal components 800 include one or more processors 820, one or more computer-readable RAMs 822 and one or more computer-readable ROMs 824 on one or more buses 826, one or more operating systems 828, and one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices 830.

Processor 820 is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. Processor 820 is a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or another type of processing component. In some implementations, processor 820 includes one or more processors capable of being programmed to perform a function. Bus 826 includes a component that permits communication among the internal components 800A,B.

The one or more operating systems 828, the software program 108 (FIG. 1) and the Video Coding Program 116 (FIG. 1) on server computer 114 (FIG. 1) are stored on one or more of the respective computer-readable tangible storage devices 830 for execution by one or more of the respective processors 820 via one or more of the respective RAMs 822 (which typically include cache memory). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices 830 is a magnetic disk storage device of an internal hard drive. Alternatively, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices 830 is a semiconductor storage device such as ROM 824, EPROM, flash memory, an optical disk, a magneto-optic disk, a solid state disk, a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, a cartridge, a magnetic tape, and/or another type of non-transitory computer-readable tangible storage device that can store a computer program and digital information.

Each set of internal components 800A,B also includes a R/W drive or interface 832 to read from and write to one or more portable computer-readable tangible storage devices 936 such as a CD-ROM, DVD, memory stick, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk or semiconductor storage device. A software program, such as the software program 108 (FIG. 1) and the Video Coding Program 116 (FIG. 1) can be stored on one or more of the respective portable computer-readable tangible storage devices 936, read via the respective R/W drive or interface 832 and loaded into the respective hard drive 830.

Each set of internal components 800A,B also includes network adapters or interfaces 836 such as a TCP/IP adapter cards; wireless Wi-Fi interface cards; or 3G, 4G, or 5G wireless interface cards or other wired or wireless communication links. The software program 108 (FIG. 1) and the Video Coding Program 116 (FIG. 1) on the server computer 114 (FIG. 1) can be downloaded to the computer 102 (FIG. 1) and server computer 114 from an external computer via a network (for example, the Internet, a local area network or other, wide area network) and respective network adapters or interfaces 836. From the network adapters or interfaces 836, the software program 108 and the Video Coding Program 116 on the server computer 114 are loaded into the respective hard drive 830. The network may comprise copper wires, optical fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers.

Each of the sets of external components 900A,B can include a computer display monitor 920, a keyboard 930, and a computer mouse 934. External components 900A,B can also include touch screens, virtual keyboards, touch pads, pointing devices, and other human interface devices. Each of the sets of internal components 800A,B also includes device drivers 840 to interface to computer display monitor 920, keyboard 930 and computer mouse 934. The device drivers 840, R/W drive or interface 832 and network adapter or interface 836 comprise hardware and software (stored in storage device 830 and/or ROM 824).

It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, some embodiments are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed.

Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models.

Characteristics are as follows:

On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service's provider.

Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).

Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.

Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.

Service Models are as follows:

Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.

Infrastructure as a Service (laaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

Deployment Models are as follows:

Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.

Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.

Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.

Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).

A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected nodes.

Referring to FIG. 5, illustrative cloud computing environment 500 is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment 500 comprises one or more cloud computing nodes 10 with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone 54A, desktop computer 54B, laptop computer 54C, and/or automobile computer system 54N may communicate. Cloud computing nodes 10 may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment 500 to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices 54A-N shown in FIG. 5 are intended to be illustrative only and that cloud computing nodes 10 and cloud computing environment 500 can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser).

Referring to FIG. 6, a set of functional abstraction layers 600 provided by cloud computing environment 500 (FIG. 5) is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in FIG. 6 are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided:

Hardware and software layer 60 includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 61; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers 62; servers 63; blade servers 64; storage devices 65; and networks and networking components 66. In some embodiments, software components include network application server software 67 and database software 68.

Virtualization layer 70 provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers 71; virtual storage 72; virtual networks 73, including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems 74; and virtual clients 75.

In one example, management layer 80 may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning 81 provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 82 provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal 83 provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management 84 provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment 85 provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA.

Workloads layer 90 provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation 91; software development and lifecycle management 92; virtual classroom education delivery 93; data analytics processing 94; transaction processing 95; and Video Coding 96. Video Coding 96 may encode and decode video data based on changing a deblocking method associated with the video data.

Some embodiments may relate to a system, a method, and/or a computer readable medium at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer readable medium may include a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out operations.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program code/instructions for carrying out operations may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects or operations.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer readable media according to various embodiments. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). The method, computer system, and computer readable medium may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in the Figures. In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

It will be apparent that systems and/or methods, described herein, may be implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the implementations. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods were described herein without reference to specific software code—it being understood that software and hardware may be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based on the description herein.

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related and unrelated items, etc.), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the term “one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.

The descriptions of the various aspects and embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Even though combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of possible implementations. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of possible implementations includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of decoding video data, executable by a processor, the method comprising: receiving video data coded with an affine inter prediction, the video data including chroma subblocks and luma subblocks; aligning an affine luma subblock with corresponding one or more affine chroma subblocks, wherein the aligning is based on a position of the affine luma subblock and a color format of the affine luma subblock; and decoding the video data based on the aligned affine luma subblock and the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aligning comprises: deriving one or more respective motion vectors for the one or more affine chroma subblocks based on the position of the affine luma subblock and the color format of the affine luma subblock.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more respective motion vectors are derived for the one or more affine chroma subblocks having a chroma subblock width based on a luma subblock width of the affine luma subblock and a subsampling width factor of the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more respective motion vectors are derived for the one or more affine chroma subblocks having a chroma subblock height based on a luma subblock height of the affine luma subblock and a subsampling height factor of the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more respective motion vectors are derived for the one or more affine chroma subblocks having a chroma subblock width equal to a luma subblock width of the affine luma subblock, and having a chroma subblock height based on a luma subblock height of the affine luma subblock and a subsampling height factor of the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more respective motion vectors are derived for the one or more affine chroma subblocks based on a sample position being one of a center position, a position based on the chroma subblock width and the chroma subblock height, or a position based on averaging motion vector values of one or more corresponding affine luma subblocks.
 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more respective motion vectors are derived for the one or more affine chroma subblocks having a chroma subblock height equal to a luma subblock height of the affine luma subblock, and having a chroma subblock width based on a luma subblock width of the affine luma subblock and a subsampling width factor of the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the aligning the one or more affine chroma subblocks with the affine luma subblock is based on a reduced interpolation filtering process including an alternative interpolation filter.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the alternative interpolation filter is used based on the one or more affine chroma subblocks having a chroma subblock width less than 4 samples or having a chroma subblock height less than 4 samples.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the alternative interpolation filter is used based on reference picture resampling being applied to a corresponding reference picture.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the alternative interpolation filter is used based on reference picture resampling not being applied to a corresponding reference picture.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the alternative interpolation filter being used is a custom interpolation filter.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the alternative interpolation filter being used is a 2-tap interpolation bilinear filter.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the alternative interpolation filter being used is a 2-tap interpolation filter generated from a 4-tap chroma interpolation filter by combining one or more left 2-tap filters and one or more right 2-tap filters.
 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the alternative interpolation filter being used is a 3-tap interpolation filter.
 16. An apparatus for decoding video data, the apparatus comprising: one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media configured to store program code; and one or more processors configured to access the program code and operate as instructed by the program code, the program code including: receiving code configured to cause the one or more processors to receive video data coded with an affine inter prediction, the video data including chroma subblocks and luma subblocks; aligning code configured to cause the one or more processors to align an affine luma subblock with corresponding one or more affine chroma subblocks, wherein the aligning is based on a position of the affine luma subblock and a color format of the affine luma subblock; and decoding code configured to cause the one or more processors to decode the video data based on the aligned affine luma subblock and the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the aligning code comprises: deriving code configured to cause the one or more processors to derive one or more respective motion vectors for the one or more affine chroma subblocks based on the position of the affine luma subblock and the color format of the affine luma subblock.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more respective motion vectors are derived for the one or more affine chroma subblocks having a chroma subblock width based on a luma subblock width of the affine luma subblock and a subsampling width factor of the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more respective motion vectors are derived for the one or more affine chroma subblocks having a chroma subblock height based on a luma subblock height of the affine luma subblock and a subsampling height factor of the one or more affine chroma subblocks.
 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program for decoding video data, the computer program configured to cause one or more computer processors to: receive video data coded with an affine inter prediction, the video data including chroma subblocks and luma subblocks; align an affine luma subblock with corresponding one or more affine chroma subblocks, wherein the aligning is based on a position of the affine luma subblock and a color format of the affine luma subblock; and decode the video data based on the aligned affine luma subblock and the one or more affine chroma subblocks. 